Map of Honduras

Honduras is positioned in both the northern and western hemispheres. Located in North America in the middle of the Central America isthmus – a somewhat narrow strip of land that connects North and South America – the country is bordered by Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and the Gulf of Honduras, Gulf of Fonseca, Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean.

Latitude/Longitude (Absolute Locations)
Tegucigalpa: (capital city) 14° 4′ N, 87° 12′ W
Puerto Castilla: 15° 58′ N, 85° 50′ W
Santa Rosa de Copan: 14° 46′ N, 88° 46′ W

The lands of Honduras were long inhabited by a mixture of indigenous Indian peoples, with the Maya culture certainly recognized as the most progressive, and justifiably celebrated yet today.

In 1502, on his final voyage to the New World, Christopher Columbus sailed into the area, stopping briefly in the Bay Islands. Subsequently a few Spanish navigators passively explored the region, but it wasn’t until 1524 that the Spanish began the serious conquest of Honduras.

Initially, these European invaders selfishly fought among themselves for control, and this new Spanish colony was in total disarray and all but abandoned; then gold and silver were discovered in the 1530s, new settlers arrived by the boat load, and typically, the indigenous Indians and imported slaves were forced into hard labor.

Despite a revolt of the native people in 1537, one led by Lempira, a local chieftain, and revered national hero, the spread of colonization and mining continued across the land. The initial prosperity from precious metals soon waned, and eventually the rural agricultural industries proved the only real revenues in this struggling colony.

Adding to the financial dismay of the Spanish Crown, the English aggressively entered Honduras, building small settlements along the Caribbean coastline and in the Bay Islands. These two powers fought for control for over a century, until the Spanish finally drove the British out in 1780s.

After the overthrow of the Spanish King by Napoleon, Honduras and others declared their independence from Spain in 1821. Then, Honduras, as well as Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua formed the United Provinces of Central America, but that federation quickly dissolved, and Honduras became an independent republic in 1838.

In this new upstart country, chaos soon followed, and over the next 150 years the country suffered through countless coups, citizen rebellions and revolts, a long line of military regimes and rulers, incursions and regional wars.