Planning Your Water Garden

• Location: Choose a spot that receives at least 4-6 hours of sunlight per day to support most aquatic plants and discourage harmful algal blooms, but also receives afternoon shade in hot climates to keep the water cooler. Avoid placing it directly under trees to prevent leaf debris from clogging the water feature and minimize maintenance.
• Size and Depth: A small container garden (at least 12-15 inches deep) is a great, manageable start. For in-ground ponds, a depth of 18 to 24 inches is often sufficient in many areas, with deeper sections (24 to 36 inches) needed in colder climates to prevent freezing solid during winter if you plan to keep fish year-round.
• Design & Shape: Simple shapes (like ovals) are easier to line and maintain, while internal shelves can provide different depths for various plants. A gently sloping “beach” area allows easy access for wildlife.
• Water Source: Use collected rainwater if possible, as it is unchlorinated and best for plants. If using tap water, let it stand for a few days to allow the chlorine to dissipate or use a dechlorinator if the water contains chloramine.
• Power and Water Access: Ensure you have easy access to an electrical outlet if you plan to install a pump, filter, or lighting.
• Safety & Regulations: For in-ground ponds, call your local utilities to locate underground lines before you dig. Check local building codes, as ponds over a certain depth may require a permit or fencing.
• Equipment (Optional): Most small water gardens can achieve ecological balance with the right mix of plants, fish, and snails, without a pump or filter. For larger ponds, especially those with koi, a pump, skimmer, and filtration system are recommended.